These problems appeared in the records we reviewed. This is not a list of what happens most often, and it does not predict the condition of one car.
What to look for
Airbags owner reports
Moderate severity
Evidence: Limited confidence
Owner reports are bound to model year 2017.
Symptom
5 reviewed owner reports for this model year mention air bags.
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 20,000 to 20,000 miles.
Based on 1 report that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and note any warning lights, noises, leaks, or stored codes.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the inspection and service records to check whether this car shows the reported problem.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: Limited confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“The car was involved in a front end collision going about 35 mph. The Collison was enough to bust the radiator and likely total the car. The entire front end is heavily damaged. There was a driver and front seat passenger in the vehicle at the time of Collision. The seat belts did not lock nor did any airbag deploy.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2017 HYUNDAI SONATA. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE DRIVING AT 20 MPH, ANOTHER VEHICLE MADE AN ILLEGAL-U TURN AND CRASHED INTO THE DRIVER SIDE. THE REAR DRIVER SEAT AIR BAG DEPLOYED PARTIALLY BUT NO OTHER AIR BAGS DEPLOYED. THE CONTACT AND HER HUSBAND SUSTAINED WHIPLASH BUT NO MEDICAL ATTENTION WAS SOUGHT. IN ADDITION, THE CONTACTS DAUGHTER WHO WAS SEATED IN THE REAR OF THE VEHICLE AND WAS NOT WEARING A SEAT BELT MENTIONED ENCOUNTERING WITH AIR BAG DEBRIS. THE CONTACT HAD UNDERLYING RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS AND DUE TO THE DEBRIS INTENDS TO VISIT A DOCTOR. A POLICE REPORT WAS FILED. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED BY THE POLICE TO A LOT WHERE GEICO INSPECTED THE FAILURE BUT FURTHER INFORMATION WAS PROVIDED. THE DEALER WAS NOT CONTACTED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 20,000.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“I TAPPED A CAR IN FRONT OF ME GOING LESS THAN 5 MPH, NOT EVEN A SCRATCH ON EITHER CAR, BUT THE STEERING WHEEL & THE DRIVER AIRBAG DEPLOYED, CAUSING CUTS, BRUISES, & SCRAPES. THE OFFICER, THE EMT, AS WELL AS THE OTHER DRIVER HAVE NO IDEA WHY THEY WOULD GO OFF IN SUCH A SLOW, LIGHT TAP. THE DAMAGE TO ME, AS WELL AS THE INCONVENIENCE IS DISTURBING.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“I WAS IN A COLLISION IN WHICH I WAS GOING 10 MPH AND THE OTHER CAR WAS GOING 45 MPH ON A DIVIDED HIGHWAY INTERSECTION. MY AIRBAGS DEPLOYED. HOWEVER, WHEN THE DRIVER'S STEERING WHEEL AIRBAG DEPLOYED IT SHOT THE HYUNDAI LOGO FROM THE STEERING WHEEL INTO MY ARM AT 200 MPH. THE ONLY INJURY THAT I SUSTAINED WAS FROM THE "H" LOGO THAT WAS PROPELLED INTO MY RIGHT FOREARM; I SUSTAINED A DEEP BONE BRUISE/MINOR IMPACT FRACTURE. WHEN I REPORTED THIS TO HYUNDAI THEY INVESTIGATED AND DETERMINED THAT THE AIRBAGS DEPLOYED PROPERLY AND THAT I SHOULD EXPECT THE LOGO TO BE SHOT FROM THE STEERING WHEEL ALONG WITH THE AIRBAG. HOWEVER, I ALSO OWN A 2011 HYUNDAI AND THE STEERING WHEEL DOES NOT HAVE A SEPARATE LOGO BUT AN IMPRINTED "H". I DON'T THINK THAT WHEN AN AIRBAG DEPLOYS IT SHOULD SHOOT ANYTHING EXCEPT FOR THE AIRBAG. THE LOGO HIT MY ARM BUT IF IT HIT MY EYE I WOULD HAVE LOST MY EYE. IF IT HIT MY THROAT IT COULD HAVE COLLAPSED MY AIRWAY. AIRBAGS ARE SUPPOSED TO PROTECT YOU AND NOT CAUSE INJURY. I DON'T UNDERSTAND WHY I SHOULD HAVE ANTICIPATED THAT THIS PIECE WOULD BECOME A PROJECTILE IN AN ACCIDENT, OR WHY ITS ACCEPTABLE.”
4 reviewed owner reports for this model year mention electrical system.
Why it matters
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and note any warning lights, noises, leaks, or stored codes.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the inspection and service records to check whether this car shows the reported problem.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: Limited confidence
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
“I was involved in a severe motor vehicle collision in a 2017 Hyundai Sonata. The airbags failed to deploy during the crash. I sustained serious injuries and was transported from the scene by EMS. This vehicle has known safety recalls, and I believe the airbag non-deployment may indicate a safety defect.”
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
“I am writing to report a direct violation of the Theta II Class Action Settlement terms by Hyundai Motor America. This morning , I emailed an Executive Case Manager explicitly explaining that my 2017 Sonata has an active P1326 code, has the 2019 KSDS update, and requires a mandatory diagnostic under NHTSA Recall 17V226 that cannot be denied due to a salvage title. Instead of replying to my facts, the Case Manager Kathy gave me a hard denial falsely framing my federal recall safety request as a "voluntary goodwill warranty" issue to justify her rejection. Please help me in getting authorization my car with Hyundai dealership in Plano Tx to run the bearing rod test and get it fixed.”
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
“Supplemental Information to Existing NHTSA Complaint involving a 2017 Hyundai Sonata Plug-in Hybrid (VIN: [XXX] ) While traveling at approximately 70 MPH on a heavily traveled highway, the vehicle suddenly and completely lost propulsion without warning. The vehicle rapidly decelerated in traffic, creating a significant safety hazard for my family and surrounding motorists and requiring emergency maneuvering to reach the shoulder. The vehicle was towed to an authorized Hyundai dealership, where diagnostic testing identified multiple high-voltage battery system fault codes: • P0B68 • P0B6D • P0B72 The dealership diagnosed a high-voltage battery system failure requiring battery replacement. The vehicle is currently non-drivable. During my research, I found multiple owner reports involving Hyundai Sonata Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid vehicles experiencing loss of power, hybrid system failures, limp mode conditions, and propulsion-related incidents. I also learned that Hyundai previously issued Recall 18V166000 involving 2016–2018 Sonata Plug-in Hybrid vehicles due to battery management system and voltage protection device concerns that could result in loss of power while driving. Dealer says does appply for my car. Although my vehicle’s fault codes may differ from those addressed in the recall, both involve battery-related failures capable of affecting propulsion and creating a highway safety risk. My concern extends beyond my individual vehicle. A high-voltage battery or battery management system failure that can cause a complete loss of propulsion at highway speed without warning presents a potentially serious safety risk. I respectfully request that NHTSA evaluate whether similar incidents involving Hyundai Sonata Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid vehicles indicate a broader safety concern warranting further review. I can provide dealership diagnostic reports, repair estimates, towing records, photos, and videos upon request. Thank you for your consideration, [XXX] INFORMATION REDACTED PURSUANT TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552(B)(6)”
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
“I have a Hyundai Sonata 2017 one year after I bought the car I started having acceleration problems. I have had the throttle changed and the valve gasket cover repaired. On April 15, 2026 the check engine light came on. On April 29th I got theta 2 emissions update installed at Hyundai Auburn, Al. I took it too auto zone the same day the code P1326 was showing up and P0014. On May 5th my car entered limp mode for excessive oil leakage, I got an oil change April 6, 2026. My car has never done that until the update was installed. I get my oil changed every 6 months and also have sent them records. They denied my claim due to lack of maintenance.”
6 reviewed owner reports for this model year mention engine.
Why it matters
The records describe a possible fatal outcome.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 13,250 to 38,750 miles.
Based on 2 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and note any warning lights, noises, leaks, or stored codes.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the inspection and service records to check whether this car shows the reported problem.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: Limited confidence
The records describe a possible fatal outcome.
“Driving home from work on [XXX] (not a safe location)when my car lost power and engine light began to flash. I pulled off to the side of road and called my dad. He came with a code reader and said there was a code P1326. He cleared the code and car drove normally again. 2 days later it began to run rough. I was told about the engine recall so I called Hyundai corporate and told them this same story. I was advised to take to dealership and have the “rod bearings inspected” and shouldn’t matter that my dad cleared the code. The dealership(Massey Hyundai MD) said it had a burnt valve and not part of warranty. But never checked rod bearings. When I called corporate. They said nothing they could do. INFORMATION REDACTED PURSUANT TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552(B)(6)”
“The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) system in my 2017 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid Limited malfunctioned. On three separate occasions, the HEV warning light illuminated while I was driving on the highway, followed by a sudden loss of power. The vehicle stalled and stopped running, leaving it inoperable. The incidents occurred in approximately August 2022, November 2023, and February 2026. The vehicle is available for inspection upon request. Each incident occurred while driving on a highway. The vehicle suddenly lost power and stalled in moving traffic, creating a significant safety hazard. I was forced to attempt to move the vehicle out of active traffic lanes while other vehicles were traveling at highway speeds. The unexpected loss of propulsion increased the risk of a crash, serious injury, or death to myself, my passengers, and other motorists. The vehicle was taken to a Hyundai dealership after each incident. However, the dealership did not provide an explanation for the HEV warning light, loss of power, or stalling condition. To my knowledge, no permanent repair was identified, and the problem recurred on multiple occasions. The vehicle was inspected by a Hyundai dealership following each towing event. The vehicle was towed after each incident because it was not safe to drive. To my knowledge, Hyundai did not provide a definitive cause for the failures. The vehicle has not been inspected by police or insurance representatives in connection with”
“The rod bearings failed in the engine. The vehicle is currently at the dealership and is available for inspection. Rod bearing failure can cause complete engine seizure while driving, creating a serious risk of losing vehicle control at any speed. This is a known issue with Hyundai's Theta II engine. Yes. The dealership performed a diagnostic on April 27, 2025 and confirmed rod bearing failure. Yes. The dealership inspected the vehicle and Hyundai corporate opened a warranty case and arranged the repair appointment, initially confirming coverage before later denying the claim without providing documentation. The dealership has also repeatedly failed to provide documentation supporting the denial of my warranty claim despite my requests beginning April 29, 2025. I have also been unable to get callbacks from the dealership after being promised updates on May 1st, May 7th, and after requesting a manager on May 18th. As of May 27, 2025 I have still not received any documentation or a callback. The check engine light came on prior to the failure. I proactively checked and changed the oil, added Lucas oil treatment, replaced the spark plugs, and replaced the battery attempting to diagnose and resolve the issue before bringing it to the dealership. No oil pressure warning light ever appeared. The check engine light persisted despite these efforts which is what led me to bring the vehicle in.”
“Engine failed while driving, Took it to dealership and the engine is seized. We were declined by Hyundai an engine replacement even though the Theta 2 engines have a lifetime replacement warranty because these engines are known to fail. They constantly deny due to 'severe owner neglect' because people do their own oil changes.”
“The vehicle experienced repeated engine-related failures associated with the P1326 error code, which indicates a potential engine defect. The issue first occurred around February 2023 at approximately 51,500 miles, when a warning light appeared. The problem has recurred multiple times despite inspections and service attempts. In January 2024, a dealership performed a software update related to the P1326 code. Shortly after this update, the engine began consuming excessive oil (approximately 2 liters per 1,000 miles). The condition worsened over time, and the vehicle failed an oil consumption test conducted by a dealership. The issue was confirmed by an authorized dealership, which ultimately diagnosed the engine as failed and requiring replacement in May 2026 at approximately 99,000 miles. The problem has been reproducible, with the P1326 warning code appearing multiple times over the life of the vehicle. This condition creates a significant safety risk because the engine may lose power, misfire, or stall unexpectedly while driving, increasing the risk of a crash, especially at highway speeds or in traffic. The vehicle has already experienced engine misfire and severe performance issues. Warning indicators included the P1326 error code and check engine light, which first appeared in 2023 and recurred multiple times thereafter. The engine oil consumption issue developed after the 2024 service and continued to worsen. The failed engine is currently available for inspection upon request.”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2019.
Symptom
Loss of Motive Power The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) received a letter dated July 13, 2022, petitioning the Agency to initiate a safety defect investigation into loss of motive power allegations attributed to oil drain pan assembly failures on certain H
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 2,907 to 50,375 miles.
Based on 8 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Loss of Motive Power
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) received a letter dated July 13, 2022, petitioning the Agency to initiate a safety defect investigation into loss of motive power allegations attributed to oil drain pan assembly failures on certain Hyundai Motor America, Inc. and Kia America, Inc. vehicles spanning Model Years (MY) 2005-2021. The Petitioners cited examples of complaints indicating that the subject vehicles were experiencing rapid loss of engine oil due to oil drain plug back outs, resulting in loss of motive power and/or catastrophic engine damage. Additional complaints were provided which alleged that the oil drain pans lack sufficient structural integrity and are susceptible to cracking. The petition itself can be reviewed at NHTSA.gov under ODI number 11481745. On September 12, 2022, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Defect Petition (DP22-003) to evaluate the Petitioners’ request. The Petitioners have provided additional complaints within four supplemental letters dated January 31, 2023, March 21, 2023, May 23, 2023, and August 4, 2023. ODI’s evaluation included the review and analysis of the complaints and supporting information submitted by the Petitioners, as well as additional complaints submitted directly to NHTSA which referenced either the oil drain plug or a crack in the oil pan. After reviewing the available data, ODI has not identified evidence that would support opening a defect investigation into the oil drain pan assemblies of the subject vehicles. Based on a review of the available information, a loss of motive power resulting from an oil drain plug back out has not occurred between the initial sale of a vehicle and the completion of its first oil change. If during an oil change service, a technician fails to remove the existing drain plug gasket before installing a new gasket, it is likely that a proper seal between the drain plug and the oil pan will not be made. An improper seal between the drain plug and oil pan could lead to the backing out on the drain plug, resulting in the sudden loss of oil while driving. Additionally, the provided examples of oil pan cracks were localized to the immediate vicinity of the oil drain plug and/or appeared to be the result of direct-contact with a tool during servicing. There is no information to support that a vehicle-based defect exists relating to the oil pan assembly, and instead the documented incidents are related to the failure to follow the proper maintenance procedures during oil change service. In October 2023, Hyundai published a Technical Service Bulletin (TSB) that provided detailed instructions for oil change service on its gasoline powered vehicles, specifically highlighting the need to remove and replace the existing drain plug gasket prior to reinstalling the drain plug. After a thorough review of the material submitted by the petitioner, the information already in NHTSA's possession, and the potential risks to motor vehicle safety implicated by the petitioners' allegations, NHTSA does not believe that a formal investigation is warranted. Therefore, the petition is denied. A Federal Register Notice (FRN) further detailing NHTSA’s reasons for denial of the petition will be published. The reference numbers for the complaints to NHTSA cited by the petitioner can be found in the petition submission documents in the public file for DP22-003. To review those complaints and the additional complaints ODI added to its evaluation which are cited in the Closing Resume ODI Report Identification Number document, go to NHTSA.gov.”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2019.
Symptom
Electrical overstress The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened this investigation to determine if the failure of airbags to deploy during severe crashes, in certain vehicles, was the result of a safety related defect.
Why it matters
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 13 to 18 miles.
Based on 2 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
“Electrical overstress
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened this investigation to determine if the failure of airbags to deploy during severe crashes, in certain vehicles, was the result of a safety related defect. During the investigation a complex failure was studied that can result in non-deployment of subject vehicle air bags and other restraint system devices in severe crash events. The subject vehicles may be equipped with an airbag control unit (ACU) for the supplemental restraint system (SRS) Electronic Control Unit (ECU) manufactured by ZF-TRW. The ECU receives signals from crash sensors mounted in the vehicle and deploys the vehicle air bags and seat belt pretensioners in accordance with manufacturer design specifications. The ECU in the subject vehicles contains a model DS84 application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which controls the communication of the crash sensor signal, firing commands (i.e., when to deploy the airbag(s) and/or pretensioners), and fault information (e.g., diagnostic trouble codes). In September 2016, FCA announced recall 16V-668 for certain model year (MY) 2010 to 2014 Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep products manufactured with the subject ZF-TRW ACU. In this recall, FCA discussed an EOS condition that resulted in a failure of the subject DS84 ASIC, which caused air bag non-deployment. FCA noted that the defect condition had only been observed in vehicles equipped with sensor harnessing routed across the front of the vehicle. Other FCA vehicles that also used the subject ACU, but were not equipped with cross-car harnessing, had not experienced EOS failures, despite similar time in service. During the course of this investigation, ODI sent two separate Information Request (IR) letters to six vehicle manufactures (including FCA, Hyundai, Honda, Kia, Mitsubishi, and Toyota) and one IR letter to ZF-TRW. These IR letters resulted in ODI receiving comprehensive data from these manufacturers and suppliers. Studies of this data found that the DS84 ASIC does not have sufficient protection against negative electrical transients or electrical overstress (“EOS”) that can be generated in certain severe crashes. An electrical transient occurs when the electrical power supplied to a circuit changes momentarily over a short duration of time. In these severe crash cases, the crash sensors and other powered wiring can be damaged and short circuited so as to create a negative electrical transient of sufficient intensity and duration (that are outside the vehicle manufacturer's specification) to damage the ASIC before the restraint device deployment signal is received by the SRS ECU. This damaged signal can lead to incomplete or nondeployment of the air bags and/or pretensioners. Airbag non-deployment and/or lack of pretensioner operation can increase the risk or severity of injury in a crash.A total of 8 fatalities and 14 injuries were associated with known EOS events. The common element in all investigated manufacturers vehicles is the SRS ECU containing a DS84 ASIC manufactured by ZF-TRW. The risk associated with the ASIC is equally shared among all OEMS involved in the investigation. The actual real-world risk can be mitigated by other factors which were assessed by ODI during this investigation. The first mitigating factor involves protections built into the ACU design which protect the DS84 ASIC from damage. There are multiple strategies and levels of protection employed by different OEMs that provide effective EOS mitigation. The two most common strategies at the ACU level are circuit protection diodes on the remote senor signal lines, and current limiting resistors that protect critical components. The second mitigating factor is found at the vehicle level and involves the location and routing of the wires leading from the crash sensors to the SRS ECU. If the wires are well protected in a crash and are not routed with other power wires carrying large currents, the risk for an EOS event is significantly reduced or eliminated. These design specific factors combine to produce a spectrum of risk for the vehicles equipped with ACUs using the DS84 ASIC. Given the many of years of field exposure, it is possible to divide the subject population into two groups; vehicles which have experienced EOS events, and vehicles which have not experienced EOS field events. Four of the six OEMs involved in this investigation have experienced EOS field events on at least one of their models equipped with a DS84 ASIC. All vehicle models (including the Toyota models identified in the Failure Report Summary of the opening resume for this investigation) with field events have been recalled. In an abundance of caution, ODI kept this investigation open five years to monitor field performance and did not identify any field events on vehicles not included in existing safety recalls. Given the spectrum of risk identified in this investigation and that all vehicles with a demonstrated unreasonable risk have been recalled, ODI is closing this investigation. ODI is closing this investigation with the following manufacturer safety recalls: 16V-668, 18E-043, 18V-137, 18V-363, and 20V-024. With the recall actions taken by the subject vehicle and equipment manufacturers, this investigation is closed. The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exists on other model or model year vehicles outside of the recall scopes. The agency reserves the right to take further action if warranted by the circumstances.”
DTN Air Bag Inflator Rupture The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) has become aware of eight vehicle crashes in which a rupture of a Jilin Province Detiannuo Automobile Safety System Co., Ltd.
Why it matters
The records describe a possible fatal outcome.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a possible fatal outcome.
“DTN Air Bag Inflator Rupture
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) has become aware of eight vehicle crashes in which a rupture of a Jilin Province Detiannuo Automobile Safety System Co., Ltd. (DTN) air bag inflator occurred during the deployment of the driver side air bag. All eight drivers in these crashes sustained serious or fatal injuries that appear linked to the ruptures. Six of those drivers sustained fatal injuries and two sustained severe injuries. In all eight incidents, the subject inflators had been installed as replacement equipment after the vehicle was involved in a previous crash. Information gathered during NHTSA’s initial analysis of these incidents indicates that the inflators were potentially imported illegally into the United States. In conjunction with this safety investigation, NHTSA is also working with appropriate authorities to address any illegal activities associated with the importation of these inflators. As a result of the significant safety concerns relating to these inflators, as well as extensive information already obtained by ODI relating to their field ruptures, ODI is moving directly to the Engineering Analysis (EA) stage of its investigative process rather than first opening a Preliminary Evaluation. NHTSA has taken a variety of actions to address the risks posed by the importation of substandard or counterfeit air bag components. However, until recently, these risks appeared spread across a variety of components and manufacturers. As part of ODI’s continuous monitoring of this issue, the agency has obtained information to suggest that at least eight incidents involve ruptures of inflators manufactured by DTN. In parallel with this dedicated investigation into DTN inflators, ODI will continue to monitor reports of field incidents to evaluate risks from other substandard imported air bag components. In 2012, ODI first became aware of substandard or counterfeit air bag modules sold through online marketplaces, such as auction sites. NHTSA obtained examples of these air bag modules and conducted testing. None of the inflators equipped in these modules were manufactured by DTN. This testing revealed that the inflators consistently malfunctioned during deployments, such as by failing to deploy the air bag or expelling metal shrapnel due to a rupture. This led NHTSA to release a consumer advisory in October 2012 to alert the public and repair professionals to the potential dangers of substandard or counterfeit air bag modules. ODI also worked with major vehicle manufacturers, who released advisories and notifications concerning the use of such air bag modules. Since then, NHTSA has continuously monitored for reports of malfunctioning air bags that may be associated with substandard or counterfeit components. These monitoring efforts have been supported by the increased visibility the advisories have brought to the issue, and by several standing general orders in place as part of separate investigations into Takata and ARC inflators, which require certain manufacturers to report any alleged or suspected inflator field ruptures to NHTSA. Until 2017, ODI was not aware of any field incidents involving an abnormal deployment of an imported substandard or counterfeit air bag module. In September 2017, ODI became aware of a crash involving a model year (MY) 2009 Honda Civic where the air bag ruptured during deployment, killing the driver. After inspecting the vehicle and air bag parts, ODI determined that the air bag inflator was not original equipment and that the air bag module was likely a substandard import. Insufficient information existed to determine the manufacturer of the inflator in this incident, however, it does not appear to resemble those manufactured by DTN. On June 16, 2023, ODI received a Vehicle Owner Questionnaire (VOQ #11527380) alleging that the rupture of a driver side air bag caused fatal injuries to the driver of a MY 2020 Chevrolet Malibu. ODI’s assessment of the rupture indicated that the air bag inflator was not original equipment but was instead manufactured by DTN, a Chinese company (also known as Yoshibayashi Toku theanol Automotive Safety Systems Co. Ltd.). From June 2023 to July 2024, ODI became aware of four additional ruptures involving substandard air bag modules equipped on Chevrolet Malibu vehicles. At the time, insufficient information existed for these crashes to determine who manufactured the ruptured inflators. As a result, NHTSA released a consumer advisory on July 10, 2024, alerting car buyers and owners to be aware of cheap, substandard replacement air bag inflators that can cause death or serious injury in a crash. The advisory urged consumers who own or are considering the purchase of a used vehicle to learn the vehicle’s history and ensure the vehicle has genuine air bag inflators. In March 2025, NHTSA learned about another rupture involving a suspected substandard, aftermarket inflator that was equipped in a MY 2017 Hyundai Sonata. The driver of this vehicle sustained fatal injuries that appeared related to the rupture. In August 2025, NHTSA received a similar report of a fatal air bag rupture in a MY 2019 Hyundai Sonata. Most recently, in October 2025, ODI received a report of a fatal air bag rupture in a MY 2020 Chevrolet Malibu. Photographs of the air bag components in these three crashes indicated that the ruptures all involved inflators manufactured by DTN. Further investigation of the inflator fragments in three of the prior incidents confirmed that they also involved DTN inflators. Photographs of the components involved in one of the other incidents also strongly suggest that the ruptured inflator was manufactured by DTN. This opening resume exceeded space limitations and is continued in an attachment uploaded to the investigation.”
Hyundai Motor Company (Hyundai) is recalling certain model year 2017 Hyundai Elantra vehicles manufactured April 15, 2016, to September 13, 2016, and Sonata vehicles manufactured May 27, 2016 to September 16, 2016.
Why it matters
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 20,000 to 20,000 miles.
Based on 1 report that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Check the VIN for this recall and ask for the repair receipt if it was completed.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Confirm the VIN-specific recall status and keep the completion receipt.
Fix listed in the records: Hyundai will notify owners, and dealers will replace the driver's frontal air bag module, free of charge. The recall began February 13, 2017. Owners may contact Hyundai customer service at 1-855-371-9460. Hyundai's number for this recall is 156.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
“Hyundai Motor Company (Hyundai) is recalling certain model year 2017 Hyundai Elantra vehicles manufactured April 15, 2016, to September 13, 2016, and Sonata vehicles manufactured May 27, 2016 to September 16, 2016. In these vehicles, the end seal for the driver's frontal air bag inflator may not have been properly installed, possibly resulting in reduced inflation of the frontal air bag in the event of a crash.
In the event of a crash, an air bag that does not inflate fully increases the risk of injury.
Hyundai will notify owners, and dealers will replace the driver's frontal air bag module, free of charge. The recall began February 13, 2017. Owners may contact Hyundai customer service at 1-855-371-9460. Hyundai's number for this recall is 156.”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2018.
Symptom
Hyundai Motor America (Hyundai) is recalling certain 2017-2018 Sonata, 2016-2018 Sonata Hybrid, 2018-2020 Accent, and 2016-2017 Azera vehicles.
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
What to inspect
Check the VIN for this recall and ask for the repair receipt if it was completed.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Confirm the VIN-specific recall status and keep the completion receipt.
Fix listed in the records: Dealers will replace the trunk latch base, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 4, 2021. Owners may contact Hyundai customer service at 1-855-371-9460. Hyundai's number for this recall is 208.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Hyundai Motor America (Hyundai) is recalling certain 2017-2018 Sonata, 2016-2018 Sonata Hybrid, 2018-2020 Accent, and 2016-2017 Azera vehicles. The trunk latch may become damaged, preventing the opening of the trunk from the inside. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 401, "Internal Trunk Release."
A person inside the trunk compartment may become trapped, increasing their risk of injury.
Dealers will replace the trunk latch base, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 4, 2021. Owners may contact Hyundai customer service at 1-855-371-9460. Hyundai's number for this recall is 208.”
Hyundai Motor America (Hyundai) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Sonata, 2016-2017 Sonata Hybrid, and Sonata Plug-In Hybrid vehicles.
Why it matters
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
What to inspect
Check the VIN for this recall and ask for the repair receipt if it was completed.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Confirm the VIN-specific recall status and keep the completion receipt.
Fix listed in the records: Dealers will update the SJB software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed November 19, 2021. Owners may contact Hyundai customer service at 1-855-371-9460. Hyundai's number for this recall is 210.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a possible crash, fire, injury, or loss of control.
“Hyundai Motor America (Hyundai) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Sonata, 2016-2017 Sonata Hybrid, and Sonata Plug-In Hybrid vehicles. The Smart Junction Box (SJB) software logic may not properly interpret the signals received from the multifunction switch, which could cause the turn signal to activate in the opposite direction of what the driver intended.
A turn signal that activates in the opposite direction of what was intended by the driver increases the risk of a crash.
Dealers will update the SJB software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed November 19, 2021. Owners may contact Hyundai customer service at 1-855-371-9460. Hyundai's number for this recall is 210.”
Hyundai Motor America is conducting a Service Campaign to update both the ECU (Engine Control Unit) and the TCM (Transmission Control Unit) on dealer stock 2017 Model Year Sonata (2.4L).
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 11,588 to 27,875 miles.
Based on 4 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Hyundai Motor America is conducting a Service Campaign to update both the ECU (Engine Control Unit) and the TCM (Transmission Control Unit) on dealer stock 2017 Model Year Sonata (2.4L).”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2019.
Symptom
Certain 2015-2019MY Sonata (LFA) vehicles may intermittently exhibit reduced engine power, a âCrank/No Startâ condition, and/or have DTC P1233 stored in the ECM due to an internally leaking fuel pump filter housing.
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 2,963 to 70,000 miles.
Based on 16 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain 2015-2019MY Sonata (LFA) vehicles may intermittently exhibit reduced engine power, a âCrank/No Startâ condition, and/or have DTC P1233 stored in the ECM due to an internally leaking fuel pump filter housing. For vehicles exhibiting one or more of these conditions, Hyundai is extending warranty coverage for fuel pump filter assembly repair or replacement to 15 years / 150,000 miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use (whichever occurs first). This service action and warranty extension is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain 2015-2019MY Sonata (LFA) vehicles may intermittently exhibit reduced engine power, a âCrank/No Startâ condition, and/or have DTC P1233 stored in the ECM due to an internally leaking fuel pump filter housing. For vehicles exhibiting one or more of these conditions, Hyundai is extending warranty coverage for fuel pump filter assembly repair or replacement to 15 years / 150,000 miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use (whichever occurs first). This service action and warranty extension is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain 2015-2019MY Sonata (LFA) vehicles may intermittently exhibit reduced engine power, a âCrank/No Startâ condition, and/or have DTC P1233 stored in the ECM due to an internally leaking fuel pump filter housing. For vehicles exhibiting one or more of these conditions, Hyundai is extending warranty coverage for fuel pump filter assembly repair or replacement to 15 years / 150,000 miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use (whichever occurs first). This service action and warranty extension is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2019.
Symptom
Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk.
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 2,963 to 70,000 miles.
Based on 16 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners. The warranty extension does NOT apply to any vehicle that has been previously declared a total loss, and/or sold for salvage by a financial institution or insurer, and/or has a branded or similar title under any state’s law.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners. The warranty extension does NOT apply to any vehicle that has been previously declared a total loss, and/or sold for salvage by a financial institution or insurer, and/or has a branded or similar title under any state’s law.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners. The warranty extension does NOT apply to any vehicle that has been previously declared a total loss, and/or sold for salvage by a financial institution or insurer, and/or has a branded or similar title under any state’s law.”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2019.
Symptom
Description: Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk.
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 2,963 to 70,000 miles.
Based on 16 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Description: Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners. The warranty extension does NOT apply to any vehicle that has ever been declared a total loss or sold for salvage by a financial institution or insurer, or has a branded or similar title under any state’s law. ”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Description: Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners. The warranty extension does NOT apply to any vehicle that has ever been declared a total loss or sold for salvage by a financial institution or insurer, or has a branded or similar title under any state’s law. ”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Description: Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners. The warranty extension does NOT apply to any vehicle that has ever been declared a total loss or sold for salvage by a financial institution or insurer, or has a branded or similar title under any state’s law. ”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2019.
Symptom
Certain 2015 – 2018 model year Elantra, 2015 – 2019 model year Sonata, 2017 – 2021 model year Tucson, 2017 – 2018 model year Santa Fe Sport, 2019 model year Santa Fe, 2021 – 2023 model year Santa Fe Hybrid, and 2020 – 2023 model year Palisade vehicles may exhibit excessive paint
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 2,963 to 70,000 miles.
Based on 16 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain 2015 – 2018 model year Elantra, 2015 – 2019 model year Sonata, 2017 – 2021 model year Tucson, 2017 – 2018 model year Santa Fe Sport, 2019 model year Santa Fe, 2021 – 2023 model year Santa Fe Hybrid, and 2020 – 2023 model year Palisade vehicles may exhibit excessive paint peeling or bubbling of the primer/paint film on the exterior metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. This warranty extension only applies to factory-applied paint and does not cover collision-related paint repairs or vehicles with a salvaged title. Hyundai is extending the warranty coverage for certain white paint colors under these conditions from 3 years and 36,000 miles, to 10 years with unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain 2015 – 2018 model year Elantra, 2015 – 2019 model year Sonata, 2017 – 2021 model year Tucson, 2017 – 2018 model year Santa Fe Sport, 2019 model year Santa Fe, 2021 – 2023 model year Santa Fe Hybrid, and 2020 – 2023 model year Palisade vehicles may exhibit excessive paint peeling or bubbling of the primer/paint film on the exterior metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. This warranty extension only applies to factory-applied paint and does not cover collision-related paint repairs or vehicles with a salvaged title. Hyundai is extending the warranty coverage for certain white paint colors under these conditions from 3 years and 36,000 miles, to 10 years with unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain 2015 – 2018 model year Elantra, 2015 – 2019 model year Sonata, 2017 – 2021 model year Tucson, 2017 – 2018 model year Santa Fe Sport, 2019 model year Santa Fe, 2021 – 2023 model year Santa Fe Hybrid, and 2020 – 2023 model year Palisade vehicles may exhibit excessive paint peeling or bubbling of the primer/paint film on the exterior metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. This warranty extension only applies to factory-applied paint and does not cover collision-related paint repairs or vehicles with a salvaged title. Hyundai is extending the warranty coverage for certain white paint colors under these conditions from 3 years and 36,000 miles, to 10 years with unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2019.
Symptom
Some vehicles may exhibit excessive paint peeling or bubbling of the primer/paint film on the exterior metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk.
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 2,963 to 70,000 miles.
Based on 16 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Some vehicles may exhibit excessive paint peeling or bubbling of the primer/paint film on the exterior metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. This warranty extension only applies to factory-applied paint and does not cover collision-related paint repairs or vehicles with a salvaged title. Hyundai is extending the warranty coverage for certain white paint colors under these conditions from 3 years and 36,000 miles, to 10 years and unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Some vehicles may exhibit excessive paint peeling or bubbling of the primer/paint film on the exterior metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. This warranty extension only applies to factory-applied paint and does not cover collision-related paint repairs or vehicles with a salvaged title. Hyundai is extending the warranty coverage for certain white paint colors under these conditions from 3 years and 36,000 miles, to 10 years and unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Some vehicles may exhibit excessive paint peeling or bubbling of the primer/paint film on the exterior metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. This warranty extension only applies to factory-applied paint and does not cover collision-related paint repairs or vehicles with a salvaged title. Hyundai is extending the warranty coverage for certain white paint colors under these conditions from 3 years and 36,000 miles, to 10 years and unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use, and is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2019.
Symptom
Some Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk.
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 2,963 to 70,000 miles.
Based on 16 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Some Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use and is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Some Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use and is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Some Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use and is valid for original and subsequent owners.”
Official record covers model years 2017 through 2019.
Symptom
Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk.
Why it matters
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
Mileage in the reports
In reports that included mileage, this problem showed up around 2,963 to 70,000 miles.
Based on 16 reports that included mileage. This is not a failure rate or a prediction.
What to inspect
Ask the inspector to test the named system and record the result.
Ask the inspector to check: Independent pre-purchase inspection.
What may help
Use the official record to focus the inspection and service-history review.
Sources and limitsShowHide
Source recordEvidence: High confidence
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use and is valid for original and subsequent owners. The warranty extension does not apply to any vehicle that has ever been declared a total loss or sold for salvage by a financial institution or insurer or has a branded or similar title under any state’s law.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use and is valid for original and subsequent owners. The warranty extension does not apply to any vehicle that has ever been declared a total loss or sold for salvage by a financial institution or insurer or has a branded or similar title under any state’s law.”
The records describe a problem worth checking before purchase.
“Certain Hyundai vehicles with exterior white paint may exhibit peeling or bubbling on metal body panels: hood, fender(s), roof, door(s), quarter panel(s), and tailgate/trunk. The paint warranty coverage for affected vehicles has been extended to 10 years/unlimited miles from the date of original retail delivery or date of first use and is valid for original and subsequent owners. The warranty extension does not apply to any vehicle that has ever been declared a total loss or sold for salvage by a financial institution or insurer or has a branded or similar title under any state’s law.”